解析《流浪者之歌》——以荣格原型与自性化理论为视角

On the Siddhartha—From the Perspective of Jung’s Archetype and Individuation Theory

自性,是荣格在他的分析心理学中提出的概念。荣格将自性定义为:“自我–意识最深处的核心,就像无意识最深处的核心一样”。因此,它既是意识的中心,也是无意识的中心,是“人的整体,意识和无意识的总和”。自性化过程所追求的目标就是此自性。实现自性化意味着实现人格的完善与完满,在各种对立冲突(意识/无意识、个体/集体、特殊/普遍)中实现整合。要想了解集体无意识,需要借助荣格的原型理论。在荣格的作品中,原型单位构成了集体无意识。因此,在讨论黑塞小说《流浪者之歌》(又译《悉达多》)中主角悉达多自性化的成长道路时,需要分析小说中各种具有原型意义的人物对他产生的影响。本文的目的就是借助荣格的自性化与原型理论分析《流浪者之歌》主角悉达多的成长历程。

The Self is a concept which put forward by Jung in his analytical psychology. Jung defined it as “The innermost core of ego-consciousness, as the innermost core of unconsciousness.” Therefore, it is both the center of consciousness and the center of unconsciousness, “the whole of a man, the sum of the consciousness and unconsciousness.’’ It is the target that called individuation. Individuation means to realize the perfection of personality, and to realize the integration in various conflicts (consciousness/unconsciousness, individual/collective special/universal). To understand the collective unconsciousness, we need rely on Jung’s archetype theory. In Jung’s work, the archetype units constitute the collective unconsciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influence of various archetypal characters on Siddhartha in the novel when discussing the path of the protagonist Siddhartha’s development of mind. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the growth course of Siddhartha, the protagonist of the novel, with the help of Jung’s theory of individuation and archetype.