马尔库塞与马克思关于人的解放思想之双重比较

The Double Comparison of Marcuse and Marx’s Thought of Human Liberation

人的解放思想是马克思主义学说中的一个重要组成部分,马克思主义创始人和西方马克思主义者对此都作了不同程度的研究与探讨。其中,马尔库塞是以心理上的“快乐原则”为基础,坚持人的解放就是一种本能的升华与释放,以总体革命的形式对人进行爱欲、自然与艺术解放,从而建立一种非压抑性文明。马克思则是在存在论的基地上,以“感性–历史”的原则高度看待人的解放,诉诸于实践变革,始终强调从现实的条件出发和运用现实的手段实现人的解放。对两位思想家人的解放思想进行双重比较,有助于从心理学与哲学两个方向探索与发展人的理论,最终实现每个人自由而全面的发展。

The emancipation of the mind is an important part of Marxist theory. The founders of Marxism and Western Marxists have made different degrees of research and discussion on this. Among them, Marcuse is based on the psychological “pleasure principle”, and insists that human liberation is an instinctive sublimation and release. In the form of a general revolution, human beings are liberated from love, nature and art, so as to establish a non-repressive civilization. Marx, on the basis of on-tology, regards human liberation from the perspective of the principle of “sensibility-history”, re-sorts to practical changes, and always emphasizes the realization of human liberation from realistic conditions and by realistic means. The double comparison of the two thinkers’ emancipation of the mind is helpful to explore and develop the theory of human beings from the two directions of psy-chology and philosophy, and finally realize the free and comprehensive development of each per-son.