莱布尼茨单子论的潜意识心理分析

Subliminal Psychoanalysis of Leibniz’s Monolets

潜意识学说是心理学史上重要的理论之一。在18世纪的德国哲学家莱布尼茨的思想中,就已经可以看到潜意识理论的雏形,尽管他本人并未察觉到这一理论,但却对潜意识学说的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。单子论作为莱布尼茨重要的理论之一,认为宇宙世界是由无数多杂乱且封闭的单子构成,而且单子之间存在等级差距,最低级的单子只具备“微觉”,稍高一级的单子具备“统觉”,最高级的单子则是全知全能全善的上帝。本文旨在从莱布尼茨单子论入手,对其潜意识心理思想进行分析,进而论述这一思想在哲学史、心理学上的贡献及意义。

The theory of the subconscious mind is one of the important theories in the history of psychology. The prototype of the theory of the unconscious can already be seen in the ideas of the 18th-century German philosopher Leibniz, and although he himself was not aware of this theory, he made an in-delible contribution to the development of the theory of the unconscious. As one of Leibniz’s im-portant theories, monadism believes that the universe is composed of countless chaotic and closed lists, and there is a hierarchical gap between the lists, the lowest list only has “micro-awareness”, the slightly higher list has “unified awareness”, and the highest list is the all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good God. This paper aims to start from Leibniz’s monoton theory, analyze his subconscious psychological thought, and then discuss the contribution and significance of this idea in the history of philosophy and psychology.