得失情境下角色启动对自我–冒犯者利益权衡的影响:宽恕的中介作用

The Effect of Role Priming on the Self-Offender Trade-Off in Gain and Loss Situations: The Mediating Effect of Forgiveness

君子与小人,是中国文化中一个经典的人格类型划分。然而介于君子和小人之间的常人,却少有研究。本研究通过3个实验,以福利权衡率(welfare trade-off ratio, WTR)为利他程度的指标,探究得失情境下小人、常人和君子三种角色启动对自我–冒犯者利益权衡的影响,并进一步探讨这一影响存在的条件。实验1采取混合设计,选取39名被试,探究不同角色启动下被试的WTR差异。实验2采取混合设计,选取特质宽恕问卷得分前后27%的被试共53人,探究高、低特质宽恕被试的WTR差异。实验3采取混合设计,选取45名被试,探究状态宽恕在不同角色启动对自我–冒犯者利益权衡的影响中的作用。综上,本研究得出以下结论:1) 小人、常人和君子三种角色启动会对被试的自我–冒犯者利益权衡产生影响。2) 特质宽恕会对被试的自我–冒犯者利益权衡产生影响。3) 状态宽恕在不同角色启动对自我–冒犯者利益权衡的影响中起中介作用。本研究基于中国文化背景,初步验证了小人、常人和君子三种角色启动对个体利他倾向的影响,为目前进一步开展君子教育提供理论支持。

The gentleman and the villain, is a classical personality type in Chinese culture. However, between the gentleman and the villain of the ordinary people, there is little research. In this study, we used the welfare trade-off ratio (WTR) as an indicator of altruism to explore the influence of the three roles priming on the self-offender in the gain and lose situation, and further explore the conditions under which this effect exists. In experiment 1, 39 subjects were selected in a mixed design to explore the differences of WTR in different role priming. In experiment 2, 53 participants (27%) were selected to explore the difference of WTR between high-trait forgiveness and low-trait forgiveness. In experiment 3, 45 subjects were selected in a mixed design to explore the role of state forgiveness in the self-offender trade-off. In conclusion, the conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) The role priming of villain, ordinary person and gentleman has an effect on the self-offender trade-off. 2) Trait forgiveness had an effect on participants’ self-interest-offender trade-off. 3) State forgiveness mediates the effect of role priming on the self-offender balance. Based on the Chinese cultural background, this study preliminarily verified the influence of the role priming of the villain, the ordinary person and the gentleman on the altruistic tendency of individuals, providing theoretical support for further developing gentleman education at present.