孤独症儿童面孔加工特异性的眼动研究

The Specificity of Faces Processing in Children with Autism: Evidences from Eye Movement Study

通过交换真人和卡通面孔的轮廓与五官,考察孤独症儿童在加工不同面孔时的特点以揭示其独特的面孔加工机制。结果发现,整体面孔加工中,两组儿童在真人轮廓面孔上的第一遍注视时间长于卡通人物轮廓面孔。在眼部加工中,ASD儿童对真人轮廓眼部的首次注视潜伏期显著短于卡通轮廓中的眼部,但对真人眼睛的总注视时间和次数少于卡通人物的眼睛,不管这个眼睛是在卡通面孔还是真人面孔中。这说明,孤独症儿童优先加工面孔轮廓,再加工五官细节,人类轮廓上的眼睛更能吸引他们的注视,但注视后会迅速进行回避。

By exchanging the contours and features of human and cartoon faces, current study examined the characteristics of autistic children in processing different faces to reveal their unique face processing mechanisms. The results showed that children in both groups spent longer time on the human contour faces than on the cartoon contour faces during first pass fixations when they processed the whole face. However, for the eye areas, ASD participants spent shorter time before firstly fixed the eyes in human contour than in cartoon contour, but making shorter and less fixations on the human eyes than on cartoon eyes, regardless of the eye was in the cartoon or human face. These findings suggest that children with autism process the face contours firstly and then the details, and more arousal to the human eyes in human contours, but they will avoid fixating anymore and move away rapidly.