健康焦虑和疑病症的研究进展

A Review of Research on Health Anxiety and Hypochondriasis

本文首先介绍了健康焦虑、疑病症和网络疑病的概念界定和测量方法,然后对疑病症的发病机制和影响因素进行了阐述,并且回顾了以往众多关于疑病症和健康焦虑的治疗方法,最后总结了健康焦虑和相关疾病的研究现状,并探讨了未来的研究方向。健康焦虑是由于个体对自身健康的过度关注而引起的焦虑,普遍存在于人群中。疑病症是健康焦虑的一种极端形式,严重的健康焦虑给人带来了主观痛苦。患者的消极认知偏向是导致疑病症的主要因素。疑病症的影响因素包括神经质人格、焦虑敏感性、完美主义倾向以及自尊水平等人格因素和社会心理因素。目前已有的认知行为疗法、森田疗法和元认知干预技术等在临床上对疑病症的治疗都取得了良好的效果。今后可将健康焦虑、疑病症、网络疑病三者进行整合,从神经生理层面进行研究,并给出更具针对性的干预方案。

This article first introduces the concept definition and measurement methods of health anxiety, hypochondriasis, and cyberchondria. Then, it elaborates on the pathogenesis and influencing factors of hypochondria, and reviews numerous treatment methods for hypochondria and health anxiety. Finally, it summarizes the research status of health anxiety and explores the future research directions of health anxiety and related diseases. Health anxiety is an anxiety caused by an individual’s excessive concern for their own health, which is generally present in the population. Hypochondriasis is an extreme form of health anxiety, and severe health anxiety brings subjective pain to people. The negative cognitive bias of patients is the main factor leading to hypochondriasis. The influencing factors of hypochondria include personality factors such as neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, perfectionism tendency, self-esteem level, and social psychological factors. The existing cognitive behavioral therapy, Morita therapy, and metacognitive intervention techniques have all achieved good results in clinical practice. In the future, we can integrate the three symptoms of health anxiety, hypochondriasis, and cyberchondria, conduct research from the perspective of neurophysiology, and provide more targeted intervention plans.