贫穷对自控力的影响及机制——从认知与脑的角度理解

Effects and Mechanisms of Poverty on Self-Control—From a Cognitive and Neuropsychological Perspective

本文对贫穷如何从认知和脑神经的角度影响个体的自控力进行综述。贫穷不仅增加个体的日常压力和认知负担,削弱其工作记忆和执行功能,降低自控力,还会通过影响大脑关键区域如杏仁核、内侧前额叶皮层和海马体等的活动和结构,影响情绪和行为自控力。尽管贫穷带来许多挑战,但在特定条件下,贫穷也可能促进个体发展出创新性思维、心理韧性和问题解决能力。未来研究可以进一步探讨贫穷对自控力影响的机制,贫困中的心理保护因素,以帮助贫困人群提升自控力和长远发展。

This review provides an overview of how poverty affects individuals’ self-control from a cognitive and neurological psychology perspective. Poverty can not only increase daily stress and cognitive load, diminish working memory and executive functioning, and reduce self-control, but also affect emotional and behavioural self-control by influencing the activity and structure of key brain regions such as the amygdala, vmPFC, and the hippocampus. Despite the many challenges posed by poverty, under certain conditions, poverty may also promote the development of creative thinking, resilience, and problem-solving skills. Future research could further explore the mechanisms of poverty’s impact on self-control and the psychological protective factors in poverty, in order to help poor people improve their self-control and long-term development.