青少年冒险行为的研究进展及干预措施

Research Progress and Intervention Measures of Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior

本文首先介绍了青少年冒险行为的含义及相关理论。青少年冒险行为通常指那些涉及身体或心理风险的活动,青少年时期是个体生理和心理动荡起伏较大时期,易受生理、心理和社会因素的影响做出各种冒险行为。近年来,人格特质理论、问题行为理论、行为决策理论、认知–情感人格系统等,为青少年冒险行为的研究做了充足的理论支撑。然后,对青少年冒险行为的影响因素做了一定的概述。生物学因素主要有:激素、遗传、神经等;心理因素主要有:情绪调控、自我控制、感觉寻求等;社会因素主要有:家庭环境、学校环境和社会环境等。其次,将生物学、心理、社会三大主要因素,与国内外青少年冒险行为干预的相关研究相结合,总结出了部分针对青少年冒险行为的干预策略,以期做出更进一步的思考与决策。最后,提出未来应改进研究的方法,将更多的内外因素考虑在内,更好地理解其成因和后果,并采取相应干预措施进行预防。

This paper first introduces the meaning of adolescent risk-taking behavior and related theories. Adolescent risk-taking behavior usually refers to those activities involving physical or psychological risks. Adolescence is a period of large physiological and psychological fluctuations of individuals, and they are susceptible to physiological, psychological and social factors to make a variety of risky behaviors. In recent years, personality trait theory, problem behavior theory, behavioral decision theory, cognitive-affective personality system, etc., have provided sufficient theoretical support for the study of adolescent risk-taking behavior. Then, it summarizes the influencing factors of adolescent risk-taking behavior. The biological factors are: hormone, heredity, nerve and so on. The main psychological factors are: emotion regulation, self-control, sensation seeking, etc. Social factors mainly include: family environment, school environment and social environment. Secondly, combined with the domestic and foreign research on adolescent risk-taking behavior intervention, this paper summarizes some interventions and countermeasures for adolescent risk-taking behavior, in order to make further thinking and decision-making. Finally, it is suggested that the research methods should be improved in the future to take more internal and external factors into account, better understand its causes and consequences, and take corresponding intervention measures to prevent it.