农村留守老人养老焦虑及优化路径研究

Study on the Anxiety and Optimization Path of the Left-Behind Elderly in Rural Areas

我国已经进入了一个快速老龄化的社会。根据《中国统计年鉴》公布的人口年龄结构与抚养比资料,2022年65岁及以上人口达到了20,780万,占总人口的14.9%,较2012年增加了64%。人口老龄化将是我国以后的重要国情。其中乡村留守老人所面临的生活问题尤为突出,本文目的在于在国家逐步丰富乡村留守老人物质生活的同时,关注其内心对于养老方面的焦虑情绪,制定合适的解决方案,以便于提升他们幸福感。文章采用访谈法,对江苏省某市S村的留守老人进行走访调查,收集资料,整理归纳,分析目前留守老人针对养老方面所存在的心理问题。通过走访研究发现,村中留守老人物质生活已基本保障,但是在养老方面存在焦虑和悲观化的情绪,特别是子女还未成婚的老人表示心理压力很大。因此,应当采取积极的措施缓解乡村留守老人对于养老的悲观化情绪,提升其生活幸福感。China has entered a rapidly aging society. According to the data of population age structure and dependency ratio published in China Statistical Yearbook, the population aged 65 and above reached 207.8 million in 2022, accounting for 14.9% of the total population, an increase of 64% compared with 2012. Population aging will be an important national condition in China in the future. Among them, the life problems faced by the left-behind elderly in rural areas are particularly prominent. The purpose of this paper is to pay attention to their inner anxiety about providing for the elderly while gradually enriching the material life of the left-behind elderly in rural areas, and to formulate appropriate solutions in order to enhance their happiness. In this paper, interview method is used to investigate the left-behind elderly in S village of a city in Jiangsu Province, collect data, sort out and summarize, and analyze the psychological problems of the left-behind elderly in providing for the elderly at present. Through interviews and research, it is found that the material life of the left-behind elderly in the village has been basically guaranteed, but there is anxiety and pessimism in providing for the elderly, especially the elderly whose children are not married say that they are under great psychological pressure. Therefore, active measures should be taken to alleviate the pessimism of the left-behind elderly in rural areas and improve their happiness in life.