儿童友好城市政策与社会工作实践中的儿童参与研究

Study on Child Participation in Child-Friendly City Policies and Social Work Practice

本文意在探究儿童友好城市建设背景下的儿童参与。研究发现我国相关政策完善,指导儿童参与的实践,结合深圳、北京、成都经验,提出儿童参与存在如下不足:缺乏家庭、学校事务参与;活动化倾向明显;各部门职责分工不明晰。同时,从心理、社会和机制维度对不足指之处进行原因分析:通过完善儿童友好制度体系,借鉴发达国家先进经验;营造积极社区参与环境,推动儿童参与心理建设;推动儿童友好学校建设,鼓励儿童参与家庭事务;儿童参与实践有效落实,社会组织提供系统化服务,推动儿童参与权的实现。This paper explores children’s participation in the context of child-friendly city construction. It finds that China’s relevant policies are perfected and guide the practice of children’s participation, combines the experiences of Shenzhen, Beijing and Chengdu, and proposes deficiencies in children’s participation: lack of participation in family and school affairs;obvious tendency of activism;unclear division of responsibilities among various departments, and analyses the reasons from psychological, social and institutional dimensions. The realization of children’s right to participation will be promoted by improving the child-friendly institutional system and learning from the advanced experiences of developed countries;creating an environment of community participation which is positive and promoting the psychological construction of children’s participation;cultivating the construction of child-friendly schools and encouraging children’s participation in family affairs;developing child participation practices effectively and the social organizations providing systematic services.