长姐身份的困惑与归置:一项关于角色建构的案例研究

The Dilemma and Resettlement of the Eldest Sister’s Identity: A Case Study on Role Construction

随着社会的变迁、大众传播媒介的发展与普及和女性意识的日渐觉醒,“姐弟型”结构家庭中长姐的生存状态也发生了一定的变化。借助MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)人格测试表测量发现,长姐的个性特征表现出明显的内倾型特点。文章基于角色理论视角,通过对12位长姐的参与式观察和深度访谈,并结合对豆瓣小组“我们都有兄弟姐妹”的网络民族志观察,从现实环境与拟态环境的双向互动入手,围绕长姐身份的困惑与归置,从角色认知、角色失调、角色实践等方面,探讨长姐的成长历程及其所构建的个性特征与自我身份认知,以期在解构中为长姐的完整自我建构寻找可能。With the progress of society, the development and popularization of mass media, and the awakening of female consciousness, the living state of the eldest sister in the family with the structure of “elder sister and younger brother” has also undergone certain changes. Using MBTI, it is found that the personality characteristics of the eldest sister are introverted. Based on the perspective of role theory, this paper, through the participatory observation and in-depth interview of the 12 eldest sisters, combined with the network ethnographic observation of Douban Group’s “We all have brothers and sisters”, analyzes the two-way interaction between the real society and the pseudo-environment, and focuses on the dilemma and resettlement of the eldest sisters’ identities. From the aspects of role cognition, role maladjustment, role practice, and so on, this paper probes into the growth process of the eldest sister and the personality characteristics and self-identity cognition constructed by the eldest sister in order to find the possibility of the complete self-construction of the eldest sister in the deconstruction.