对一种光子集合偏振态的理论研究

A Theoretical Study of a Photon Set Polarization State

按照光的量子理论,光的基本单元是光子。如果激光照射均匀光滑的介质,所有反射光子的偏振态相同,对集体偏振态测量的结果也是单个光子的偏振态。在测量自然环境光的偏振态时,所得结果是大量光子的集体贡献,在这种情况下,每个光子的偏振态都不相同。为了研究上述自然环境的光波偏振态,本文主要讨论了一种简单的光子偏振态情况,光子的任意偏振态会以一定的几率出现。本文采用波动光学符号,为了从形式上与波动光学研究偏振的表征一致。

According to the quantum theory of light, the basic unit of light is photon. If the laser irradiates a uniform and smooth medium, all reflected photons have the same polarization state, and the result of the collective polarization state measurement is also the polarization state of a single photon. When measuring the polarization state of natural environment light, the result is the collective contribution of a large number of photons. In this case, the polarization state of each photon is different. In order to study the polarization state of light waves in the above-mentioned natural environment, this article mainly discusses a simple photon polarization state, where any photon polarization state will appear with a certain probability. In this article, the wave optics symbol is used in order to conform to the characterization of wave optics research polarization.