车轮失圆对弹性轮对的轮轨作用的影响

Influence of Wheel Irregularity on Wheel-Rail Action of Elastic Wheelset

为研究重载货车振动特性,以我国轴重最大的某型30 t轴重重载货车为研究对象。首先采用有限元方法建立了轮对的弹性模型,进而在UM软件中进行总体集成,建立了考虑与不考虑轮对弹性的货车刚体模型以及刚柔耦合振动模型。然后选取径向偏差较大的某30 t重载货车车轮,采用与之对应的镟修后三个月、一年后和一年半后运营时间段的车轮多边形数据,从轮轨力的时域以及频域的角度分析车轮失圆对轮轨作用力的影响;并对两种模型曲线通过性做了研究。通过对结果分析可知,轮对的柔性结构能够一定程度上缓和了车辆与钢轨的刚性作用。随着车轮失圆加深,两种模型的差别向高阶发展,随着运行时间的增长,轮轨力表现更为强烈。说明车轮失圆极大程度的影响了轮对的柔性结构。

In order to study the vibration characteristics of heavy-duty truck, a 30 t heavy-duty truck with the largest axle load in China is taken as the research object. Firstly, the elastic model of the wheelset is established by using the finite element method, and then the rigid body model and the rigid-flexible coupling vibration model of the freight car with or without considering the elasticity of the wheelset are established by the overall integration in UM software. Then, a 30 t heavy-duty truck wheel with a large radial deviation was selected, and the polygon data of the corresponding operating periods of three months, one year and one and a half years after rotation repair were used to analyze the influence of wheel irregularity on the wheel-rail force from the perspectives of time domain and frequency domain. The curve pass ability of the two models is also studied. Through the analysis of the results, the flexible structure of the wheelset can alleviate the rigidity of the vehicle and the rail to some extent. With the deepening of wheel rounding, the difference between the two models develops to a higher order. With the increase of running time, the wheel-rail force becomes more intense. It shows that the wheel unroundness greatly affects the flexible structure of the wheelset.