分光计测三棱镜顶角和折射率的简化与改进

Simplified and Improved Measurement of Prism Apex Angle and Refractive Index Using a Spectrometer

用分光计测量三棱镜的顶角和折射率是大学物理中非常重要的一个光学实验,但因为实验原理复杂,光路调节要求高以及实验操作难度大等原因,往往导致实验过程繁琐冗长,整体实验完成度不高。本文总结分析了实验中可能出现的问题及原因,并创新提出了“双平行微调法”、“双垂直顺转法”分别对测三棱镜顶角和折射率进行简化改进。研究可提高学生实验完成率,也可为教师教学提供参考。

The measurement of the apex angle and refractive index of a prism using a spectrometer is a critically important optical experiment in university physics. However, due to the complex experimental principles, high demands for optical path adjustments, and the overall difficulty of experimental operations, the experiment often becomes cumbersome and time-consuming, resulting in a relatively low overall completion rate. This paper summarizes and analyzes potential issues and their causes in the experiment, and innovatively proposes the ‘Dual Parallel Micro-adjustment Method’ and the ‘Dual Vertical Sequential Rotation Method’ to simplify and improve the measurement of the prism’s apex angle and refractive index. The research aims to enhance the completion rate of student experiments and provides valuable references for teaching staff.