射击项目运动成绩影响因素的综述

An Overview of the Influencing Factors of Shooting Sports Performance

射击项目是我国在奥运会上夺金的重点项目,在我国奥运争光计划中占有举足轻重的地位。多年来学者们对射击项目的研究甚少,是制约我国射击项目发展的重要因素。本研究采用文献资料法梳理了近几年射击项目的相关研究,并从生物力学、生理学以及心理学等方面对影响射击项目运动成绩的因素进行综述。在生物力学方面,选择射击的姿势时,运动员应采用15˚站立角度比赛而不是基于喜好的传统姿势。在生理学方面,低速率平稳的呼吸有助于提高射击者的运动表现,但应长期进行大量的练习,从而在比赛中得以应用。在心理学方面,教练员应根据队员的特点设计相应的心理干预,提升运动员的心理调控能力,从而在比赛中保持最佳的竞技状态,获得较好的成绩。

The shooting event is the key item for our country to win gold medal in the Olympic Games. For many years, there is rare research on shooting event, which is an important factor restricting the development of shooting event in China. In this study, literature method was used to review the relevant studies on shooting events in recent years, and the factors affecting shooting performance were summarized from the aspects of biomechanics, physiology and psychology. In terms of biomechanics, when choosing a shooting posture, athletes should play at a 15˚ standing angle rather than traditional postures based on preference. In terms of physiology, low-rate and smooth breathing helps improve the shooter’s athletic performance, but a lot of practice should be carried out for a long time, so that it can be used in the game. In terms of psychology, the coach should de-sign corresponding psychological intervention according to the characteristics of the team members to improve the athlete’s psychological regulation ability, so as to maintain the best competitive state in the game and obtain better results.