烟台渔灯节海洋民俗体育祭海文化的传承与发展

The Inheritance and Development of Marine Folk Sports Festival in Yantai Fishing Lan-tern Festival

本文以烟台渔灯节为例,运用实地调查法、文献资料法、口述史研究、逻辑分析等方法,通过对烟台初旺村和芦洋村渔灯节海洋民俗体育活动个案进行系统、全面的阐释,探讨渔灯节节日习俗发生现代演化的原因并解释其发展传承,分析海洋民俗体育同烟台渔灯节所处的农村社会、乡民生活之间互动关系。调查发现三年疫情对祭海文化造成了严重的负面影响,严苛的环保政策和聚集活动的限制政策使渔灯节逐渐淡出大众视野。本文认为,漫长的时代变迁,当今烟台部分地区祭海仪式形成简化和新形式演化的趋势,过去以铺张的祭品摆放、复杂的祭拜流程逐渐变成以民俗体育表演与祭海大典仪式结合的祭海形式。在现代社会背景下,海洋民俗体育凭借与生俱来的群体聚集能动性,已经成为当今祭海仪式中不可或缺的一部分。笔者通过海洋民俗体育祭海文化创新和推广,深入了解海洋民俗体育祭海文化现状,深层次挖掘其浓厚的文化内涵,研究并解释海洋民俗体育在适应现代社会,继承与创新的发展方式。

Taking the fishing Lantern Festival in Yantai as an example, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive explanation of the Marine folk sports activities of the Fishing Lantern Festival in Chuwang Village and Luyang Village in Yantai by using the methods of field investigation, literature, oral history research and logical analysis, and discusses the reasons for the modern evolution of the fishing Lantern Festival customs and explains its development and inheritance. The interactive relationship between Marine folk sports and the rural society and the life of the villagers in Yantai Fishing Lantern Festival is analyzed. The survey found that the three-year epidemic had a serious negative impact on the culture of the festival, and strict environmental protection policies and restrictions on gathering activities made the festival gradually fade out of public view. This paper holds that with the long changes of the times, the sea sacrifice ceremony in some areas of Yantai has formed a trend of simplification and evolution of new forms. In the past, the extravagant display of sacrifices and complex worship process have gradually changed into the form of sea sacrifice combined with folk sports performance and sea sacrifice ceremony. Under the background of modern society, Marine folk sports have become an indispensable part of the sea sacrifice ceremony by virtue of their inherent group gathering activity. Through the innovation and promotion of Marine folk sports festival sea culture, the author deeply understands the current situation of Marine folk sports festival sea culture, deeply excavates its strong cultural connotation, studies and explains the development mode of Marine folk sports in adapting to modern society, inheriting and innovating.