“叶落归根”还是“随遇而安”——家庭禀赋、责任认知对异地养老的影响研究

“Returning to One’s Roots” or “Taking Things as They Come”—Research on the Impact of Family Endowment and Cognition of Responsibility on Elderly Care in Different Places

随着我国人口老龄化的加深,养老服务的供需矛盾日益凸显,异地养老开始成为传统养老模式的重要补充。本文基于2018年中国综合社会调查数据,从家庭禀赋和责任认知两个维度分析其对老年人异地养老决策的影响。结果发现家庭禀赋对异地养老影响显著,经济资本、人力资本可以促进异地养老决策,但社会资本会抑制异地养老决策。责任认知方面,政府责任认知能够显著提高老年人异地养老的可能性。此外,低龄、无配偶、无宗教信仰、城镇居住、东部地区的老人更愿意异地养老。因此要细分老年群体,简化社保异地转接流程,引导多样化异地养老,逐步实现由传统养老向异地养老的平稳过渡,实现资源最优配置。

With the deepening of the aging of China’s population, the contradiction between supply and demand of pension service is increasingly prominent, and long-distance elderly care has become an important supplement to the traditional pension model. Based on the data from the 2018 China General Social Survey, this paper analyzes the impact of family endowment and cognition of responsibility on elderly people’s decision making in different places. The results show that family endowment has a significant impact on long-distance elderly care. Economic capital and human capital can promote long-distance elderly care, but social capital can inhibit the decision. In terms of cognition of responsibility, cognition of government responsibility can significantly improve the possibility of long-distance elderly care. In addition, the elderly who are young, have no spouse, have no religious belief, live in cities, and in the eastern region are more willing to provide for the elderly in different places. Therefore, it is necessary to subdivide the elderly group, simplify the transfer process of social security from other places, guide the diversification of different places for the elderly, and gradually realize the smooth transition from traditional pension to different places for the elderly, so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources.