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人口老龄化与企业技术创新的关系及其影响机制——基于行业异质性视角

The Relationship between Population Aging and Enterprise Technological Innovation and Its Influence Mechanism—From the Perspective of Industry Heterogeneity
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摘要 本文梳理了人口老龄化与企业技术创新的相关研究进展,在行业异质性视角下,探索了人口老龄化与企业技术创新的关系,揭示了年龄结构老化对不同行业、不同产业技术创新的异质性影响,并基于劳动者要素、资本要素和要素禀赋结构三个角度厘清了人口老龄化影响企业技术创新的内在逻辑与作用机制。研究发现:不同行业的技术创新受人口老龄化的影响存在异质性。人口老龄化既可能通过降低员工的身体机能和认知能力、加大企业用工成本及增加国家养老负担等挤占企业科技创新资源,从而阻碍企业技术创新;也可能通过提供丰富工作经验、与青年员工形成优势互补、倒逼企业技术升级、转变要素禀赋结构等促进企业技术创新。本文在理论上丰富了老龄化与企业技术创新的关系的认识,在实践上也有利于中国积极应对老龄化并以创新驱动发展,从而实现经济高质量发展。 This paper reviews the relevant research progress of population aging and enterprise technological innovation, explores the relationship between population aging and enterprise technological innovation from the perspective of industrial heterogeneity, and reveals the influence of aging age structure on the heterogeneity of technological innovation in different industries and industries. Based on labor factor, capital factor and factor endowment structure, the internal logic and mechanism of the influence of population aging on enterprise technological innovation are clarified. The results show that there is heterogeneity of technological innovation in different industries affected by population aging. The aging of population may not only reduce the physical and mental function of employees, increase the labor cost of enterprises and increase the burden of the state pension, but also occupy the technological innovation resources of enterprises, thus hindering the technological innovation of enterprises. It is also possible to promote technological innovation of enterprises by providing rich work experience, forming complementary advantages with young employees, forcing enterprises to upgrade technology and changing factor endowment structure. In theory, this paper enriches the understanding of the relationship between aging and enterprise technological innovation. In practice, it also has important practical significance for China to actively cope with aging and achieve innovative development.
作者 徐晓燕
出处 《老龄化研究》 2023年第2期380-387,共8页 Aging Research
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