乡村振兴背景下农村留守老人的精神需要研究——基于马克思精神需求理论

Research on the Spiritual Needs of the Elderly Left behind in Rural Areas under the Background of Rural Revitalization—Based on Marx’s Spiritual Needs Theory

乡村振兴战略提出要加强农村社会保障体系建设,加深对农村留守老人的关爱程度。当前,我国社会正由二元性的城乡社会结构向流动性、开放性的社会结构转变,农村青壮年劳动力都往城市迁移,农村主要群体为留守老人,这造成了一系列问题。一是留守老人经济收入少,缺乏物质基础;二是孤独感强烈,缺少亲友陪伴;三是遭受嫌弃,出现低自尊心理;四是生活单调,精神文化生活匮乏。因此,本文按照马克思精神需求理论,分析以上问题的成因,并从政府、社会、家庭三个不同的角度探究了农村留守老人精神需要获得满足的路径,这对于解决当今农村留守老人精神需求方面的问题具有十分重要的现实意义。

The rural revitalization strategy proposes to strengthen the construction of rural social security system and deepen the degree of care for the elderly left behind in rural areas. At present, China’s society is changing from the dual urban and rural social structure to the fluid and open social structure, the young and middle-aged rural labor force are migrating to the city, and the main group in the countryside is the left-behind elderly, which has caused a series of problems. First, the economic income of the left-behind elderly is small, lack of material basis;the second is a strong sense of loneliness, lack of friends and relatives to accompany;the third is to suffer from disgust and low self-esteem;fourth, life is monotonous and spiritual and cultural life is lacking. Therefore, according to Marx’s theory of spiritual needs, this paper analyzes the causes of the above problems, and explores the path to meet the spiritual needs of the elderly left behind in rural areas from three different perspectives: government, society and family, which is of great practical significance for solving the spiritual needs of the elderly left behind in rural areas today.