社会参与对老年人心理健康的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Social Participation on Mental Health in Older Adults

社会参与是应对人口老龄化的良策,对提升老年群体心理健康具有重要意义。本文利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015和2018年数据,探究个人–家庭二元中心模式下社会参与对老年人心理健康的影响。通过OLS多元回归分析,研究发现社会交往型参与和家庭劳动型参与均显著促进老年人心理健康;家庭劳动型参与程度对老年人心理健康影响呈倒U型,老年人心理健康水平随着家庭劳动参与程度的加深具有先升后降的趋势。异质性分析发现,社会交往型参与对所有老年人心理健康均有促进作用;而家庭劳动型参与仅对女性、农村、低学历的老年人的心理健康具有促进作用。因此政府在政策制定时,应关注不同群体需求、城乡社会环境差异,制定更符合本土特征的积极老龄化政策。

Social participation is a good strategy to cope with the aging of the population, which is of great significance to improve the mental health of the elderly group. This paper uses the 2015 and 2018 data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore the impact of social participation on the mental health of the elderly under the individual-family binary center model. Through OLS multiple regression analysis, it is found that both social interaction participation and family labor participation significantly promote the mental health of the elderly. The impact of family labor participation on the mental health of the elderly was inverted U-shaped, and the mental health level of the elderly had a tendency to rise first and then decrease with the deepening of family labor participation. The heterogeneity analysis found that social interaction participation promoted the mental health of all older adults. However, family-based participation only promotes the mental health of women, rural areas, and the elderly with low education. Therefore, when formulating policies, the government should pay attention to the needs of different groups and the differences in urban and rural social environment, and formulate active aging policies that are more in line with local characteristics.