日本少子老龄化决策发展及对中国的启示

The Development of Decision-Making for the Ageing of Fewer Children in Japan and Implications for China

“少子老龄化”现象是社会高速发展的产物,该现象给社会带来的劳动力减少、社会负担增大等问题,将对社会的发展产生极大的负面影响。第二次世界大战以后,“少子化”和“老龄化”成为困扰日本社会生产力发展的两大隐患,日本政府出台了各项政策并不断作出调整以应对日趋严重的“少子老龄化”现象,在育儿保障制度、老龄人口再就业等方面不断改革,逐步通过完善社会法规和政策鼓励生育,打造一个完整的社会保障体系。本文以日本20世纪中期以来的人口政策为调查基础,探讨其发展历程以及通过日本的案例所得经验,总结出中国如何应对现有的“少子老龄化”问题。

The phenomenon of the “aging of the young” is a product of the rapid development of society, and the reduction of the workforce and the increase in social burdens that it brings to society will have a great negative impact on the development of society. After the Second World War, “childlessness” and “aging” have become two major hidden dangers plaguing the development of Japan’s social productivity, and the Japanese government has introduced various policies and made constant adjustments to cope with the increasingly serious phenomenon of “childlessness” and “aging”. The Japanese government has introduced various policies and made constant adjustments to cope with the increasingly serious phenomenon of “childlessness and aging”, and has been reforming the childcare security system and the re-employment of the aging population, and has been gradually encouraging childbearing and creating a complete social security system by improving social regulations and policies. This paper takes Japan’s population policy since the mid-20th century as the basis for its investigation, discusses its developmental history, and summarizes China’s response to the existing problem of “aging with fewer children” based on the experience gained from Japan’s case studies.