乡村振兴战略下人口老龄化对劳动力市场的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Aging Population on Labor Market under Rural Revitalization Strategy

党的二十大报告中提出,全面推进乡村振兴。人才振兴是乡村振兴的关键。随着中国人口结构的不断老龄化,对劳动力市场产生了巨大的影响、对乡村振兴能否顺利推进也产生了一定制约。本文首先从文献综述方面,回顾了之前学者提出的人口老龄化对劳动参与率、生产率的影响。进而分析了人口老龄化对劳动力市场带来的影响,表现在老龄化会降低劳动参与率,减少劳动力供给和削弱劳动生产率,降低劳动力供给质量。并且,在间接影响方面,老龄化对家庭的收入和支出结构产生影响,从而对社会保障能力产生影响。最后,提出了中国劳动力市场应对人口老龄化挑战的措施。一是调整人口政策,提高劳动者素质,二要加强养老保障建设,激活老龄人群消费需求,三是发展老年劳力,四是加大人力资本投资,提升劳动力供给质量以满足老龄人口的获得感、幸福感和安全感,让老龄人口养老问题得到更多的关注,为乡村振兴相关政策的制定和完善提供参考。

In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was proposed to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Talent revitalization is the key to rural revitalization. With the continuous aging of China’s population structure, it has a huge impact on the labor market and has certain constraints on the smooth promotion of rural revitalization. This paper first reviews the effects of population aging on labor participation rate and productivity proposed by previous scholars from the perspective of literature review. Then it analyzes the impact of population aging on the labor market, showing that aging will reduce the labor participation rate, reduce labor supply, weaken labor productivity, and reduce the quality of labor supply. In addition, in terms of indirect effects, aging has an impact on the income and expenditure structure of households, and thus has an impact on the social security capacity. Finally, it puts forward the measures of China’s labor market to cope with the challenge of population aging. The first is to adjust the population policy and improve the quality of workers. The second is to strengthen the construction of old-age security and activate the consumption demand of the elderly population. The third is to develop the elderly labor force. The fourth is to increase investment in human capital, improve the quality of labor supply to meet the sense of gain, happiness and security of the elderly population, so that the elderly population pension issues get more attention, and provide references for the formulation and improvement of relevant policies for rural revitalization.