老年人数字鸿沟的社会支持研究

Research on Social Support for the Digital Divide of the Elderly

现代数字化、信息化的“网络”生活,以数字技术为核心的身份信息流调,对于网络使用者的要求不断提高;同时,掌握最新媒介技术的群体将进一步拉大信息差距,“数字鸿沟”被进一步扩大,而难以融入互联网的老年群体就最容易为媒介和技术所排斥。本文通过文献分析法、案例分析法与参与式观察以社会支持的视角分类现有的鸿沟弥合的对策,将其分为正式社会支持与非正式社会支持进行分析。在分析过程中,笔者发现现存的弥合对策虽然存在一定的效用,但也不免暴露出一些问题及根源:国家相关政策与基建分布不均;企业逐利性与公共性冲突致使适老化产品不适配;社区数字服务供需不平衡而导致的浅显服务;不同群体价值观鸿沟而致使“数字反哺”流于浅层。基于此,在四个层面提出了弥合鸿沟的对策:国家完善对应政策、完善基础设施;企业针对困境研发高适配智慧养老产品;社区立足老年人需求提升支持专业度;家庭发挥朋辈影响弥合“认知沟”。

The modern digital and information-based “network” life, with digital technology as the core of identity information flow, constantly raises the requirements for network users. At the same time, the group that masters the latest media technology will further widen the information gap, and the “digital divide” will be further widened, while the elderly group who are difficult to integrate into the internet is most likely to be excluded by the media and technology. This article categorizes existing strategies for bridging the gap from the perspective of social support through literature analysis, case analysis, and participatory observation, and divides them into formal and informal social support for analysis. During the analysis process, the author found that although the existing bridging measures have certain effectiveness, they inevitably reveal some problems and root causes: uneven distribution of national policies and infrastructure;the conflict between corporate profit seeking and public nature leads to the mismatch of aging products;shallow services caused by the imbalance between supply and demand of community digital services;the gap in values among different groups has led to a shallow level of “digital feedback”. Based on this, countermeasures to bridge the gap have been proposed at four levels: the country should improve corresponding policies and infrastructure;enterprises develop highly adaptable smart elderly care products in response to difficulties;based on the needs of the elderly, the community should enhance its support and professionalism;families leverage peer influence to bridge the “cognitive gap”.