民族交融进程中民俗文化的身份失真研究——以湖南省非物质文化遗产“呜哇山歌”为例

Research on the Identity Distortion of Folk Culture in the Process of Ethnic Blending—Taking the Intangible Cultural Heritage “Wuwa Mountain Song” of Hunan Province as an Example

作为湖南省第一批省级非物质文化遗产保护对象之一,“呜哇山歌”一直以瑶族的族属身份备受社会各界关注。然而,通过实地调查,笔者发现“呜哇山歌”在非遗目录中虽名属花瑶,但其唱词却为汉字、词音为汉语、传承人为汉人、表演方式也为汉式……面对这种种冲突,本文以聚居在湖南省隆回县虎形山的汉、瑶两族为研究主体,以“呜哇山歌”为研究对象,通过历史文献研究与田野调查相结合的方法,对“呜哇山歌”从汉族嬗变为瑶族的身份失真问题进行分析,重新甄别其民族性质。

As one of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage protection objects in Hunan, “Wuwa mountain songs” has always been paid attention to by all circles of society as the ethnic group of Yao. However, through field research, the author finds that although the name “Wuwa mountain song” belongs to the Yao nationality in the intangible cultural heritage list, its lyrics are Chinese characters, the word sounds are Chinese, the inheritors are Han people, and the perfor-mance mode is also Han nationality style... In the face of such conflicts, this paper takes the Han and Yao ethnic groups living in Huxing mountain, Longhui County, Hunan Province, as the research subject, and the “Wuwa mountain song” as the research object. Through the method of combining historical literature research and field investigation, This paper analyzes the distortion of the iden-tity of “Wuwa folk song” from Han nationality to Yao nationality, and re-discriminates its national nature.