基督教与谭嗣同“仁–通–平等”的政治伦理理念

The Christian-Religion and Tan Si-Tong’s Political Ethics Concept of “Benevolence-Generality-Equality”

近代以来,基督教再次传入中国,深刻影响了中国知识分子看待人生的方式。谭嗣同三十岁前后接触基督教,从基督教思想中吸收了很多观念,对他的政治理想起了很大的影响。谭嗣同从基督教思想中引入“以太”、“灵魂”等概念,加深了对“仁”的思想阐发,引入“博爱”与“平等”观念,形成了“仁–通–平等”的政治伦理理念。“仁”即仁爱,是无私无欲的崇高境界,这是他政治伦理思想的核心内容。“通”是“仁”的第一要义,由“通”即中外通、上下通、男女内外通、人我通达到“平等”,包括政治平等、经济平等,社会平等等方面,最终实现“仁”的无私无欲境界。

In modern times, Christian-Religion is re-introduced to China and deeply influences the Chinese intellectuals’ thoughts about life. Tan Si-tong contacted with Christian-Religion around thirty, ab-sorbing a lot of ideas from Christianity, which had great influence on his political ideal. Tan Si-tong introduced the “ether” and “soul” concepts in the Christian-Religion, and deepened the thoughts of “benevolence” based on that. Besides, he introduced the concept of “universal love” and “equality”, and formed the “benevolence-generality-equality” political ethics concept. “Benevolence” means selfless love and realm with no desire, which is the core content of his political ethics thought. “Generality” is the first factor of “benevolence”. Through “Generality” (including Chinese and foreign communication, men and women communication, and interpersonal relationship) people can achieve “equality” (including political equality, economic equality, social equality and so on), and finally realize the realm of “Benevolence”.