基于婴幼儿发展原则设计之0~2岁音乐活动

The Design of Music Activity for 0 - 2-Year-Old Young Children Based upon the Principle of Children’s Development

婴幼儿时期是个人身心发展的奠基阶段,此阶段建立良好之感觉及运动发展,有助于建立未来智力与体能开发的基础。本研究主要目的为依据0~2岁不同阶段婴幼儿的发展历程,提出因应不同发展阶段的需求,教保人员如何设计适龄适性的音乐活动。本研究将0~2岁婴幼儿分为五个阶段,第一阶段:出生至三个月;第二阶段:四至六个月;第三阶段:七至十二个月;第四阶段:十三个月至十八个月;第五阶段:十九个月至二十四个月。分述各阶段身体动作、语言沟通及认知探索三方面的发展特征,并且说明适龄适性之教学设计原则。针对0~2岁婴幼儿音乐活动设计原则,本研究提出三点结论:一、应提供感官刺激的活动,结合视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉和动觉等感官刺激建立知觉活动。二、提供节奏明显、重复性高及贴近婴幼儿生活经验之歌曲,搭配肢体动作的音乐活动可增进其感官知觉发展。三、使用容易抓握及易拍打之节奏性乐器,透过同时歌唱及敲击乐器,培养婴幼儿动作协调性。

Young children of 0 - 2-year-olds are at the fundamental stage of individual development. Well- developed sensor and motor are believed to contribute to the future intelligent and physical de-velopment. The aims of this paper are two-fold: to describe young children’s motor, language, and cognitive development at different stages;and to provide suggestions for childcare takers how to design appropriate musical teaching activities for young children. This study categorizes 0 - 2-year-olds to five stages: Stage 1: birth to 3-month-olds;Stage 2: 4 to 6 months;Stage 3: 7 - 12 months;Stage 4: 13 - 18 months;and Stage 5: 19 - 24 months. Children’s motor development, language communications, and cognition exploration in each stage were described and the principles of appropriate teaching activity design were also illuminated. Proper music activity design for young children shall consider the following suggestions. First of all, the instructors shall combine visual sense, auditory sense, sense of taste, sense of smell, and sense of touch with music activities, in order to stimulate young children’s perception development. Furthermore, it is suggested that the instructors can select children’s songs with obvious rhythm and highly repeatability. These songs are better close to young children’s living experiences. Finally, the instructors can adopt beat musical instruments which are easily for young children to hold. The beat musical instruments and children’s songs would facilitate their motor coordination.