南北迁都之争中的民初南京临时参议院

Nanjing Provisional Senate in the Struggle for Capital Mobilization

1912年1月1日孙中山在南京正式就任民国临时大总统并成立了中央临时政府,标志着民国的正式建立。同年2月12日,清帝正式宣布退位,袁世凯通电南京方面赞成共和。次日,孙中山向南京临时参议院提出辞职并推荐袁世凯为中华民国临时大总统,同时提出袁世凯南下就职的议案。然而这一提议在临时参议院审议时却一波三折,否定–同意–再否定。本文通过历史学和法学相关知识理论,梳理和讨论南北迁都之争在南京临时参议院表决前后的一些程序及细节问题,可以看到关键时刻制度转型的艰难。

On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president of Republic of China in Nanjing and set up a provisional central government, marking the official establishment of the Republic of China. On February 12 of the same year, Qing emperor formally announced his abdication, Yuan Shikai telegraphed Nanjing in favor of the republic. The next day, Sun Yat-sen submitted his resignation to the Nanjing Provisional Senate and recommended Yuan Shikai as the provisional President, at same time, Sun also brought in a bill to invite Yuan Shikai to take office in Nanjing. However, there were several twists and turns during the deliberations. By combing and discussing some procedures and details before and after the vote of the temporary senate in Nanjing, we can see the difficulty of institutional transformation at the critical moment.