现代人的生存困境探析——从《启蒙辩证法》的“文化工业理论”谈起

Analysis of the Dilemma of Modern People’s Survival—Talking from the “Cultural Industry Theory” of the Enlightenment Dialectics

作为“启蒙”现代化产物的现代社会以及人类,在现代社会经济、科技迅猛发展的同时,人们的生存却面临着严峻的挑战,现代化发展的背后隐匿着人与物、人与人自身、人与他人的社会关系日益全面异化的生存困境,是“启蒙倒退为神话”在现代社会的崭新表现形式。霍克海默和阿多诺立足于人的最一般的生存困境,对资本主义工业文明提出尖锐的批判,以求激发人们启蒙精神的觉解、获得真正的“人”的解放。从一定程度上讲,其理论具有一定的悲观论调和“形而上”性,但是正所谓:“他山之石,可以攻玉”,其批判理论内蕴的批判精神以及文化工业的相关理论对反思我国现代社会人面临的生存困境并探寻指引人们逃离“困境”的路径具有一定的借鉴意义。

As a modern society and the human beings of the “enlightenment” modernization, while the modern social economy and science and technology develop rapidly, people’s survival faces severe challenges. The modern development lies behind people and things, people and people themselves, and people. The survival dilemma of the increasingly comprehensive alienation of other people’s social relations is a new manifestation of “enlightenment as a myth” in modern society. Horkheimer and Adorno are based on the most common predicament of human beings, and make sharp criticisms of capitalist industrial civilization in order to stimulate the enlightenment of people and obtain the real “human” liberation. To a certain extent, its theory has a certain pessimistic tone and “metaphysical” nature, but the so-called: “the stone of other mountains can attack jade”, the critical spirit of its critical theory and the related theory of cultural industry. The survival dilemma faced by modern Chinese people and the search for ways to guide people to escape from the “difficulties” have certain reference significance.