论当代心理学发展的瓶颈及其学科信息化

On the Bottleneck of the Development of Contemporary Psychology and Its Subject Informatization

在当代心理学的发展中,以实证主义哲学为本体论和认识论基础的(自然科学)科学主义研究范式是心理学发展的主流,于是认知神经科学成为当仁不让的带头学科。强调心理学的自然科学特性是必要的,是它脱离哲学母体的理由;但是,从根本上说,心理现象的本质是信息现象,而不是物质现象。用自然科学的标准来要求心理学,仅仅适用于初级的心理过程(信息的输入与输出),它会对心理现象高级过程(包含心理信息系统的结构、功能与机制)的认识造成偏差,忽略心理过程的人文科学特性;这就是当代心理学发展的瓶颈问题。习近平要求具有中国特色的哲学社会科学具有六个基本特性:即继承性、民族性,原创性、时代性,系统性、专业性。本文作者认为,其中的“原创性、时代性”是首要的、根本的;如果我们贯彻“信息主义”的时代精神,实践心理学的“学科信息化”,重新研究心理学的对象、性质、范畴、方法、范式与知识框架,必然揭示出心理学的“普遍意义”。本文阐述当代心理学突破局限与瓶颈的“学科信息化”途径。

In the development of modern and contemporary psychology,scientism research method based on positivism philosophy and epistemology has become the mainstream of psychology develop-ment.It is necessary to emphasize the natural scientific characteristics of psychology,which is the reason why it breaks away from the matrix of philosophy.But fundamentally,the essence of psychological phenomenon is information phenomenon,not material phenomenon.Psychology is required by the standard of natural science,which is only applicable to the primary psychological process(input and output of information),therefore,it will lead to the cognitive deviation of the high-level process of psychological phenomena including the structure,function and mechanism of psychological information system and ignore the humanistic characteristics of psychological process.This is the bottleneck of the development of contemporary psychology.Xi Jinping called for six basic characteristics of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics:inheritance,nationality,originality,timeliness,systematicness and professionalism.The author of this paper believes that the“originality and timeliness”are the first fundamental;if we carry out the spirit of“informatism”,the“subject informatization”of practical psychology,and re-study the object,nature,category,method,paradigm and knowledge framework of psychology,it will inevitably reveal the“universal significance”of psychology.This paper expounds the way of“subject informationization”which breaks through the limitation and bottleneck of contemporary psychology.