感知文化距离对蒙汉大学生社会适应的影响:文化智力和文化认同的中介作用

College Students in Inner Mongolia: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Cultural Intelligence and Cultural Identity

社会适应是社会学、心理学等多个学科研究的重要内容。社会适应对正处在身心发展的转折期的大学生群体来说意义重大,大学生社会适应的高低对其身心发展和顺利完成学业有着深远的意义。已有的研究表明,对于身处多种文化交织交融的民族地区的大学生而言,个体对文化的感知是其文化适应及社会适应的重要影响因素。本研究旨在探讨内蒙古地区大学生的感知文化距离对社会适应的影响,并且分析文化智力、文化认同的中介作用。使用感知文化距离问卷、文化智力量表、文化认同量表、大学生社会适应问卷对内蒙古地区的520名大学生进行了调查,获得有效问卷472份,其中蒙古族被试211人,汉族被试261人。结果表明:1) 大学生感知文化距离与蒙/汉文化认同、文化智力和社会适应显著相关;2) 文化智力和蒙/汉文化认同在感知文化距离和社会适应之间的中介作用均显著;3) 文化智力和蒙/汉文化认同在感知文化距离和社会适应之间的链式中介作用显著,即感知文化距离对社会适应的影响可以通过感知文化距离→文化智力→文化认同→社会适应这一路径实现。该结果说明,在感知文化距离对社会适应的影响中,文化智力、文化认同不仅可以起到独立的中介作用,还可以共同影响构成链式中介作用。

Social adaptation is an important part of the research of many subjects such as sociology and psy-chology. Social adaptation is of great significance to college students in the turning point of physical and mental development, and the level of social adaptation of college students is of far-reaching significance to their physical and mental development and the successful completion of their studies. Previous studies have shown that for college students in ethnic areas where many cultures are intertwined, individual perception of culture is an important factor affecting their cultural and social adaptation. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the perceived cultural distance of the college students in Inner Mongolia on social adaptation, and to analyze the me-diating roles of cultural intelligence and cultural identity. 520 college students in Inner Mongolia were investigated with Perceived Cultural Distance Questionnaire, Cultural Intelligence Scale, Cultural Identity Scale and Social Adaptation Questionnaire. 472 valid questionnaires were ob-tained, including 211 Mongolian subjects and 261 Han subjects. The results showed that: 1) The perceived cultural distance was significantly correlated with cultural identity, cultural intelligence and social adaptation. 2) Cultural intelligence and Mongolian/Han cultural identity played signifi-cant mediating roles in perceived cultural distance and social adaptation;3) Cultural intelligence and Mongolian/Han cultural identity played significantly sequential mediating roles between perceived cultural distance and social adaptation;that is, the influence of perceptual cultural dis-tance on social adaptation could be realized through the path of perceived cultural distance → cultural intelligence → social adaptation. The results show that cultural intelligence and cultural identity can not only play independently mediating roles, but also sequential mediating roles in the influence of perceived cultural distance on social adaptation.