时间维度下的拖延研究进展

Review of Studies on Procrastination under Time Dimensions

拖延是一种现代人身上常见的行为,是个体在明知道会造成不良后果的情况下,将现在需要完成的任务搁置未来完成,这种非适应性的行为会引起个体的焦虑情绪,长期下去会对个体的发展产生消极的影响。对拖延的研究,一直是心理学关注的问题,研究者们对其影响因素和形成机制做了大量的研究。值得注意的是,拖延和时间关系密切,时间成分是定义拖延的关键。本文从时间维度出发,分析回顾了拖延与时间洞察力、未来自我连续性、时间管理、时间管理倾向和昼夜节律类型等心理时间变量的研究现状,总结比较了解释拖延的时间动机理论(TMT)和时间动机的二维模型。未来研究应该进一步探究拖延与时间认知能力的关系,建立和完善更具有解释力的模型。

Procrastination is ubiquitous in modern society whose universality and complexity have attracted researchers’ attention. Procrastination has close connection with time. Based on time dimension, this paper reviews previous research about procrastination and some time variables, such as time perspective, future self-continuity, time management and circadian typology and also summarizes two theoretical models which explain procrastination from time dimension: the Temporal Motiva-tion Theory (TMT) and 2 ×2 time motivation model. In addition, this paper puts forward the future research direction both theoretically and practically. On the one hand, future self-continuity is a further extension and explanation of time perspective. On the other hand, intervention measures can be taken from the perspective of regulating individual time management and circadian typology. In order to establish and improve a more explanatory model, future research should further explore the relationship between procrastination and cognitive ability of time.