非法处置夫妻共同财产的法律后果:我国《民法典》第1092条的理解与适用

Legal Consequences of Illegal Disposal of Community Property: Understanding and Application of Article 1092 of Chinese Civil Code

作为指导案例第66号的(2015)三中民终字第08205号判决,明确将《婚姻法》第47条“离婚时”扩大解释为“离婚诉讼期间或者离婚诉讼前”;《民法典》第1092条将“离婚时”予以删除,以彻底避免实务争议。该条中,“可以少分或者不分”所对应的财产范围应指被非法处置的那部分夫妻共同财产,而非全部夫妻共同财产。在“非法处置夫妻共同财产”的行为证明上,采用“举证责任倒置”更为便宜。此外,《民法典》第1092条还新增“挥霍”作为“非法处置夫妻共同财产”的典型行为之一,体现了我国的法律进步。

As the No. 66 guiding case, the (2015) San Zhong Min Zhong Zi No. 08205 judgment extensively interpreted “at the time of divorce” in Article 47 of the Marriage Law as “during or before divorce proceedings” clearly;in order to completely avoid practical disputes, Article 1092 of the Civil Code deletes “at the time of divorce”. In Article 1092, the scope of property which “may be divided less or none” shall refer to the illegally disposed part, rather than all community property. To demonstrate “illegal disposal of community property” behaviors, it is cheaper to adopt “inverted burden of proof”. In addition, Article 1092 of the Civil Code adds “squandering” as one of typical acts of “illegal disposal of community property”, reflecting Chinese legal progress.