雇员与雇主视角下的大学生就业能力认知——基于68篇期刊论文的内容分析

Cognition of Undergraduates’ Employability from the Perspective of Employees and Employers—Content Analysis of 68 Papers

为解决大学生就业难问题,本文以社会人才需求为导向,从雇主和雇员两个视角对68篇文献进行内容分析,探究不同视角下的大学生就业能力认知,以促进雇主与雇员之间的信息匹配,使高等院校和大学生培养符合社会需要的就业能力。结果显示,1) 大学生就业能力包含语言信息、智慧技能、认知策略、操作能力、社交能力、个体特质、硬性条件7个维度。2) 雇主与雇员视角在智慧技能具体要素上基本一致,均重视学习能力、创新能力、解决问题能力;3) 雇主与雇员视角在语言信息、认知策略、操作能力、社交能力、硬性条件上存在较大差异。雇主视角更多注重大学生的毕业院校、外语水平、对本领域发展趋势的了解、专业知识技能的掌握与应用、求职与自我销售能力、主动性和合作精神、计算机应用能力等要素,雇员视角则更加注重大学生的信息检索与处理能力、主动适应能力、自信心和勤奋、学业成绩等要素。

In order to solve the employment problem of college students, based on the social demand orientation, 68 papers were analyzed from the perspectives of employers and employees to explore the cognition of college students' employ-ability from different perspectives. The results show that: 1) College students' employ-ability includes seven dimensions: language information, wisdom skills, cognitive strategies, operational ability, social ability, individual trait and rigid conditions. 2) The perspectives of employers and employees are basically the same in terms of specific elements of wisdom skills, and both attach importance to learning ability, innovation ability and problem solving ability;3) The perspectives of employers and employees are quite different in terms of language information, cognitive strategy, operational ability, social ability and rigid conditions. The employer’s perspective pays more attention to such factors as college students’ graduation institutions, foreign language proficiency, understanding of development trends in the field, mastery and application of professional knowledge and skills, job hunting and self-sale abilities, initiative and spirit of cooperation, and computer application capabilities. The employee’s perspective pays more attention to factors such as college students' information retrieval and processing ability, active adaptability, self-confidence and diligence, and academic performance.