司法院对四川大押佃性质的探索

The Legislators of the Republic of China Explored the Nature of Sichuan’s Grand Pledge

自晚清以来,国进民退,官方为更好地管理民间,将西方的法律制度移植过来,以使国家“进而有据”。因此,民国司法院常常需要克服西方法在中国土地上的“水土不服”,以及法律和民间习惯间“秉性”的差异,探索出将万象的生活囊括进法律规范之中的路径。司法院针对大押佃性质的认定:从将之等同于“租赁契约”,再到确定为“典权契约”与“租赁契约”的联立,并做出明确的司法解释,便是这一艰难探索历程的生动例证。

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the country is stronger and the people are weaker. The authorities transplanted the Western legal system to better manage the people. Therefore, the judiciary of the Republic of China often needs to overcome the incompatibility of Western law in China, as well as the “nature” differences between the law and folk customs, to explore the way to include the life of all-encompassing into the legal norms. The determination of the nature of “Grand pledge” by the judiciary: from equating it with the “Lease contract” to determining it is between the “Pawn contract” and the “Lease contract” and making a clear judicial interpretation, is a vivid example of this difficult exploration process.