11~13世纪西欧犹太妇女的社会地位试析

Study on the Social Status of Jewish Women in Western Europe in the 11th~13th Century

自10世纪以来,犹太人散居在欧洲的各个国家,建立犹太社团,管理自己的内部事务。中世纪的西欧是犹太人历史演变的主要场所之一。虽然受到夫权社会“男尊女卑”观念的束缚,犹太妇女没有摆脱从属地位,但确实发生了一些积极的变化,她们的社会地位有所改善。相较于生活在其周围的基督教妇女,这种变化更明显。因为妇女的社会地位集中体现在教育和家庭婚姻中,尤其是后者,所以本文主要从这两个方面着手,尝试分析11~13世纪西欧犹太妇女的社会地位。

Since the 10th century, Jews have been scattered in various countries in Europe, establishing Jewish associations and managing their own internal affairs. Medieval western Europe is one of the main places in the evolution of Jewish history. Although the Jewish women have been boxed in by the view of “Male Superiority”, their social status has improved to some degree. Compared with the Christian women living around, this change seemed more obvious. Due to the fact that educational rights and marriage life play a significant role in social status, this paper aims to analyze the social status of Jewish women in western Europe in the 11th~13th century from these two aspects.