我国祖辈教养人群体的成因、特点及其对策

The Cause, Features and Countermeasures of the Grandparents’ Group in China

祖辈教养人在隔代教养家庭中扮演着重要的角色。我国祖辈教养人群体的产生原因包括:社会文化影响下的家庭理念、大规模人口迁移中儿童不能随父母流动、儿童公共照顾资源和市场化照顾资源不足、女性的就业歧视和男性的产假缺乏、社会中养老服务体系的不健全。祖辈教养人群体的人口学特征如下:祖辈教养人年龄整体上较轻,但是年龄跨度大;祖辈教养人中女性对教养参与更多,投入更多;祖辈教养人整体上文化水平不高;农村祖辈教养人教养的孙辈数量更多且参与比例更高,对孙辈照顾的频率和强度更低;有偶祖辈教养人比无偶祖辈教养人更多地参与到孙辈教养中。根据我国祖辈教养人群体的社会成因,政府应该采取如下措施:引导年轻父母和祖辈树立儿童照顾的家庭新观念,出台保障流动儿童的入学和就医等权利的相关政策,提高社会中儿童照顾资源供给水平和专业水平,为年轻父母打造生育友好的职业环境和完善社会化养老服务体系的建设。

Grandparents play an important role in Grandparenting families. The reasons for the Grandpa-rents’ groups in China including: family concepts under the influence of social culture, children cannot move with their parents during large-scale population migration, insufficient public care resources and market-oriented care resources for children, employment discrimination for women, and lack of maternity leave for men, the elder care service system in the society is not sound. The demographic characteristics of the grandparents group are as follows: the grandpa-rents are generally young, but the age span is large;the women of the grandparents are more in-volved in children raising and invest more in the children raising;the grandparents’ education level are generally low;the number of grandchildren in rural areas raised by grandparents is higher and the participation rate is higher, and the frequency and intensity of taking care of grandchildren is lower;the grandparents who with-spouse are more involved in the education of grandchildren than the grandparents who without-couple. According to the social causes of the grandparenting groups in our country, the government should take the following measures: Guide young parents and grandparents to establish a new concept of family care for children, introduce relevant policies to ensure the rights of migrant children to school and seek medical treatment, increase the supply of child care resources in society Level and professional level, create a reproductive-friendly professional environment for young parents and improve the construction of a socialized elderly care service system.