论阿伦特公共领域自由中形式与个体感受的冲突及其统一的可能性

On the Conflict between Form and Individual Feeling in Arendt’s Public Sphere Liberty and the Possibility of Unification

阿伦特的公共领域自由理论为人类自由的实现和现代性危机的解决提供了新的思想进路。从《极权主义的起源》到《论革命》,她构建起了政治领域外自由的体系。她否认内自由、意志自由,但又强调思想自由的重要性,指出了“无思性”带来的平庸之恶的危害性。她认为自由只存在于政治公共领域中,只有人们进入政治公共领域,在其中平等地行动和言说,自由的实现才成为可能。关于自由的实现形式,其主张在自由、行动、政治公共领域的三位一体的体系中实现自由。然而,她的自由观的局限性集中体现在,对个体的人关于自由的感受的忽略。然而其自由观也不仅仅是外自由的,在其晚年的作品《精神生活》和《康德政治哲学讲稿》中对内自由看法的改变,或许可以让我们重新审视她的公共领域自由理论,探讨在其政治公共领域体系中自由的个体感受的重要性,寻求体系形式与个体感受的和解。

Arendt’s theory of liberty in the public sphere provides a new way of thinking for the realization of human liberty and the solution of the crisis of modernity. From The Origin of Totalitarianism to On the Revolution, she built a system of external liberty in the political sphere. She denied inner liberty and liberty of will, but stressed the importance of freedom of thought, pointing out the harm of mediocrity brought about by “mindlessness”. She believed that freedom existed only in the political public sphere, and that the realization of liberty was possible only when people entered the political public sphere and acted and spoke equally in it. With regard to the form of realization of liberty, it advocates the realization of liberty in the trinity of liberty, action and political public domain. However, the limitations of her view of freedom are concentrated in the neglect of individuals’ feelings about liberty. However, her view of liberty is not only external liberty, in her later years, The life of the Mind and Kant’s Political Philosophy Speech on the change of the view of internal liberty, perhaps let us reexamine her theory of liberty in the public sphere, explore the importance of liberty individual feelings in its political public sphere system, and seek the system form and individual feelings of reconciliation.