专利执法对地方科技支出的影响研究——对制度环境促进区域创新的间接检验

Research on the Impact of Patent Enforcement on Local S&T Expenditure—Indirect Test on the Promotion of Regional Innovation by the Institutional Environment

中国十四五发展规划需要创新来驱动。政府科技支出对区域创新具有显著的正向促进作用。在考虑财政分权的基础上,基于2001~2017年中国城市面板数据,本文对专利执法对地方科技支出的影响进行考察,从而间接检验制度环境对区域创新的促进效果。研究发现:在考虑中央与地方财政分权情况的基础上,专利执法和地方科技支出之间呈现二次曲线的U形关系;中西部城市和普通城市的这种关系最为明显,且效应最强;2013年及以后,效应变弱。由此,对促进地方政府增加科技投入有3点建议:完善中西部和普通城市的司法体制;保持东部城市司法与行政的平衡关系;与国际接轨,展示制度环境。

China’s fourteenth five-year development plan needs to be driven by innovation. Government spending on science and technology has a significant positive role in promoting regional innova-tion. On the basis of considering fiscal decentralization, based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2001 to 2017, this article examines the impact of patent enforcement on local government’s science and technology expenditures, so as to indirectly test the promotion effect of the institutional environment on regional innovation. The study found that, taking into account the decentralization of central and local fiscal powers, there is a quadratic U-shaped relationship between patent enforcement and local government expenditures on science and technology;the relationship between central and western cities and ordinary cities is the most obvious, and the effect is the strongest;in 2013 and beyond, the effect becomes weaker. Therefore, there are three suggestions for promoting local governments to increase investment in science and technology: perfect the judicial system in the central and western regions and ordinary cities;maintain a balanced relationship between justice and administration in eastern cities;integrate with international standards and show China’s institutional environment.