儿童公平判断的发展及其影响因素

The Development of Children’s Fair Judgment and Its Influencing Factors

公平判断是在客观事实基础上对其引发的自身公平感这一心理现象所作出的一种主观判断。人在进行公平判断时存在两种理论:一种是认为人的公平判断是一种理性的认知过程,如通过对结果的比较和对程序公平性的考查;另一理论强调公平判断中主观的启发式因素,即多种因素(动机、个人、环境)会直接或间接的对个体公平判断的结果产生影响。文章综述对比了公平判断两种主要的研究方法并进一步分析其利弊。儿童公平判断的发展将公平的规范意识纳入到生活中,从而逐渐形成一套完整的判断标准。

Fairness judgment is a kind of subjective judgment made on the basis of objective facts on the psychological phenomenon of self-fairness caused by it. There are two theories when people make fair judgments: one is that people’s fair judgment is a rational cognitive process, such as through the comparison of results and the examination of procedural fairness;the other theory emphasizes subjective heuristic factors in fairness judgment, that is, a variety of factors (motivation, individual, environment) will directly or indirectly affect the results of individual fairness judgments. This article summarizes and compares the two main research methods of fairness judgment and further analyzes their pros and cons. The development of children’s fair judgments incorporates the normative consciousness of fairness into life, thus gradually forming a complete set of judgment standard.