浅谈乡村戏剧运动——以红色戏剧为视角

Brief Talk on Rural Drama Movement—From the Perspective of Red Drama

戏剧运动在苏区文化史中占据着重要地位。中央苏区时期,中国共产党对乡村文化娱乐高度重视,通过对以乡村戏剧为代表的民间文艺的“政治化”改造,将革命话语转化、翻译为有效的地方性话语,传统的戏剧被改造为饱含革命性话语的红色戏剧。但这一转变并非主动的调整而是在中央苏区特殊地理位置、文化环境、农民知识文化水平、乡村社会传统等一系列客观因素影响下被动适应的过程。当时的红色戏剧呈现着革命性与传统性并存的状态,两种截然对立的特质在戏剧中相互影响相互交织,悄然改变着中国传统乡村的文化风貌,也影响着中国革命的进程。从传统乡村戏剧到新式红色戏剧的转变过程充分显示了文艺变迁对于乡村文化空间的重要意义。

The drama movement occupies an important position in the cultural history of the Soviet area. During the period of the Central Soviet Area, the Communist Party of China attached great importance to rural culture and entertainment. Through the “politicization” transformation of folk literature and art represented by rural drama, the revolutionary discourse was transformed and translated into effective local discourse, and the traditional drama was transformed into a red drama full of revolutionary discourse. However, this change is not an active adjustment, but a passive adaptation process under the influence of a series of objective factors such as the special geographical location of the Central Soviet Area, cultural environment, farmers’ knowledge and cultural level, rural social tradition and so on. At that time, the red drama showed the coexistence of revolution and tradition. The two diametrically opposed characteristics influenced and intertwined each other in the drama, quietly changing the cultural style of Chinese traditional villages and affecting the process of Chinese revolution. The transformation process from traditional rural drama to new red drama fully shows the significance of literary and artistic changes to rural cultural space.