公共卫生危机视阈下的中国涉外应急管理体系研究——以中国对非医疗援助为例

Research on Chinese Foreign-Related Emergency Management System from the Perspective of Public Health Crisis—Taking China’s Medical Assistance to Africa as an Example

随着全球化不断加深,公共危机突发应对不仅仅局限于本国内,一国公共卫生事件尤其是传染病的发生,其影响是世界性的。然而,当前中国对于公共危机应急管理体系建设主要侧重于国内公共危机,在全球性的涉外应急管理体系建设方面相对不完善。在“人类命运共同体”理念不断深入、“一带一路”不断推进的今天,中国的国际责任尤为重大,涉外应急管理的体系化和制度化尤为重要。基于保护海外侨民、企业、大使馆利益和承担提高不发达国家应对突发性公共卫生危机能力的责任考虑,以中国涉外应急管理体系为研究对象,以中国对非医疗援助为切入点,以此次新冠疫情大暴发为契机,本文首先追溯了当前中国涉外应急管理体系现状,通过探究全球性公共卫生危机背景下对非所做出的措施举措,尝试从援助角度建构和完善中国体制下响应全球性公共卫生危机的涉外应急管理体系模式,提出国内外“三社主体联动”合作体双轨运行框架,以期弥补当前中国在通过紧急援助手段提升涉外能力、完善涉外应急管理体系方面的空白。

With the deepening of globalization, public crisis emergency response is not limited to our coun-try. The impact of public health events, especially infectious diseases, is worldwide. However, at present, the construction of public crisis emergency management system in China mainly focuses on domestic public crisis, and the construction of global foreign-related emergency management system is relatively imperfect. With the concept of “community with a shared future for mankind” has been deepened and “One belt, one road” been advanced, the international responsibility of China is particularly important. Also, the systematization and institutionalization of emergency management are particularly important. Based on the consideration of protecting the interests of overseas Chinese, enterprises and embassies and undertaking the responsibility of improving the capacity of the underdeveloped countries to deal with the sudden public health crisis, taking Chinese foreign-related emergency management system as the research object, taking China’s non-medical aid as the breakthrough point and taking the COVID-19’s big outbreaks as an opportunity, this article first traces the current situation of China’s foreign-related emergency management system. By exploring the measures for Africa under the background of the global public health crisis, this paper attempts to construct and improve the foreign-related emergency management system mode of responding to the global public health crisis under the Chinese system from the perspective of assistance, and puts forward the dual track operation framework of “three social entities linkage” cooperation at home and abroad, in order to make up for the gap in improving foreign-related capacity and the foreign-related emergency management system through Chinese emergency assistance.