我国居民消费升级的演变、趋势特征与动能提升

Evolution, Trend Characteristics and Kinetic Energy Promotion of Residents’ Consumption Upgrading in China

消费升级是有效供给和有效需求相匹配的一个动态均衡过程。根据消费政策,我国居民消费升级可以分为“重积累、轻消费”的消费抑制阶段、放开限制的消费初步释放阶段、消费的市场化改革与开放阶段、消费的民生回归阶段。通过消费升级的历史演变的经验分析,我国居民消费升级的趋势特征为:由实物型消费向服务型消费升级、由生存型消费向品质型消费升级、由传统型消费向创新型消费升级、由线下消费向线上消费升级。当前,增强居民消费升级动能需要从完善三层次收入分配体系和税收制度,提高社会保障水平与公平性几个方面来推进。

Consumption upgrading is a dynamic equilibrium process in which effective supply and effective demand match. According to the consumption policy, China’s consumption upgrading can be di-vided into the consumption inhibition stage of “emphasizing accumulation and neglecting con-sumption”, the initial release stage of liberalizing consumption restrictions, the market-oriented reform and opening-up stage of consumption, and the return stage of people’s livelihood of con-sumption. Through the empirical analysis of the historical evolution of consumption upgrading, the trend characteristics of residents’ consumption upgrading in China are: upgrading from physical consumption to service consumption, upgrading from survival consumption to quality consumption, upgrading from traditional consumption to innovative consumption, and upgrading from offline consumption to online consumption. We need to improve the three-level income distribution system and tax system, and improve the level and fairness of social security to enhance the momentum of upgrading household consumption.