东汉对鲜卑的治理研究——和帝至顺帝时期

Study on the Governance of the Xianbei by the Eastern Han Dynasty—The Period from Emperor He to Emperor Shun

和帝至顺帝时期,随着鲜卑、乌桓等民族的南下内迁,东汉对移居在北方边郡内外的部族的羁縻与管理成为关系到东汉王朝安危的重要问题,东汉固有的行政体系无法全面应对边郡多变的情况,因此汉庭提高了对这些部族的重视程度,强化了度辽将军与护乌桓校尉的职能,并设置了辽东属国以管理鲜卑、乌桓等东北边疆民族。东汉中央与马续、耿晔等边吏的积极治理,一定程度上延缓了鲜卑的崛起,暂缓了鲜卑各部统一的进程,达到了威抚鲜卑、乌桓,全力平定羌乱的施政效果。东汉对鲜卑的积极治理,推动了东北边疆的开发与边防的巩固,利于当地的生产发展与社会安宁,有利于中原地区与东北边疆地区的交往,对中华民族共同体的形成和统一多民族国家的巩固做出了贡献。

During the period from Emperor He to Emperor Shun, with the southward migration of Xianbei, Wuhuan and other ethnic groups, the tie-up and management of the tribes migrating inside and outside the northern border counties became an important issue concerning the security of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The inherent administrative system of the Eastern Han Dynasty could not fully cope with the changing conditions of the border counties. The Eastern Han Government therefore paid more attention to these tribes, strengthened the functions of Duliao General and Huwuhuan Xiaowei, and set up Liaodong Shuguo to manage the northeastern border tribes such as Xianbei and Wuhuan. The positive governance of the central government of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the border officials such as Ma Xu and Geng Ye slowed down the rise of the Xianbei to a certain extent, temporarily slowed down the process of unification of the Xianbei, and achieved the effect of pacifying the Xianbei and Wuhuan and pacifying the Qiang rebellion. The positive governance of Xianbei by the Eastern Han Dynasty promoted the development of the northeastern frontier and the consolidation of frontier defense, contributed to the development of local production and social peace, facilitated the interaction between the Central Plains and the northeastern frontier regions, and contributed to the formation of the Community for the Chinese Nation and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic state.