“后疫情时代”的老年人心理压力、心理健康素养及心理健康状态研究

Research on Mental Stress, Mental Health Literacy and Mental Health Status of the Elderly in the Post-Epidemic Era

探讨“后疫情时代”的社区老年人心理压力、心理健康素养对心理健康状态的影响,开展老年人心理健康教育,完善老年人心理健康服务体系。本研究采用方便取样方法,在天津市市内六区,选取423名老年人,采用《国民心理卫生素养评估量表》《中文知觉压力量表》《突发性公共事件心理健康评估量表》进行调查研究。调查结果:1) 老年人心理健康素养(35.68 ±9.11)与国民心理健康素养(35.81 ±8.06)不存在显著差异,心理健康素养的6个维度均存在显著差异;2) 女性老年人心理健康水平高于男性老年人、收入稳定老年人心理健康素养好于收入相对较低老年人、单身(离异或丧偶)状态老年人的心理健康素养显著低于已婚状态的老年人、与子女共同居住的老年人心理健康素养并不优于夫妻共同居住或单独居住者;3) 心理健康素养解释了心理压力感知96.1%的变异量、解释了心理健康状态79.1%的变异量;心理健康素养对心理健康状态的直接效应为0.30,在心理压力感知与心理健康状态之间具有中介效应。

To explore the influence of psychological pressure and mental health literacy on mental health status of the elderly in the post-epidemic era, to carry out mental health education for the elderly and improve the mental health service system for the elderly, in this study, 423 elderly people were selected in six districts of Tianjin by convenient sampling method, and the National Mental Health Literacy Assessment Scale, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale and Emergency Public Events Mental Health Assessment Scale were used for the investigation and research. The survey showed that: 1) There was no significant difference between the mental health literacy of the elderly (35.68 ±9.11) and the mental health literacy of the national (35.81 ±8.06), and there were significant differences in the six dimensions of mental health literacy;2) The mental health quality of the female elderly is higher than that of the male elderly, the mental health quality of the elderly with stable income is better than that of the elderly with relatively low income, the mental health quality of the single (divorced or widowed) elderly is significantly lower than that of the married elderly, and the mental health quality of the elderly living with their children is not better than that of the couple living together or living alone. 3) Mental health literacy explained 96.1% of the variation in perceived psychological stress and 79.1% of the variation in mental health status. The direct effect of mental health literacy on mental health status is 0.30, which has a significant mediating effect between mental stress perception and mental health status.