诸家学说在西汉初年的“政治化”倾向——以儒、道、阴阳三家为例

The “Politicization” Tendency of Various Theories in the Early Western Han Dynasty—Taking Confucianism, Taoism and Yinyang as Examples

西汉初期,统治者注重对人民在思想文化方面的控制,对传承自春秋战国时期的诸家学说进行了筛选和改造,使之成为了统治阶级维护政权稳固、证明政权合法性的工具。包括改造自阴阳家学说的五德终始论、改造自儒、墨学说的天人感应理论、改造自儒家学说的三纲五常理论,以及源于道家思想的“无为而治”的施政纲领。这些进行了政治化改造以后的学说,已经部分或完全脱离了战国时代思想家们的本意,迎合了统治阶级的需要,对后世的政局产生了巨大影响。

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the rulers paid attention to the control of the people’s ideology and culture, and screened and transformed various theories inherited from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, making it a tool for the ruling class to maintain the stability of the regime and prove its legitimacy. It includes the theory of the end of the five virtues, the theory of the interaction between heaven and man, the theory of the three cardinal principles and five constancies, and the policy program of “governing by doing nothing” derived from Taoism. These theories after the political transformation have partially or completely deviated from the original intention of the thinkers in the Warring States period, catered to the needs of the ruling class, and have had a great impact on the political situation of future generations.