后疫情背景下小学灾难教育的价值、困境与实施路径

The Value, Dilemma and Implementation Path of Disaster Education in Primary Schools under the Background of Post Epidemic Situation

小学作为基础素质教育的主阵地,在培育灾难意识和防灾避险能力等方面具有重要作用。文章在围绕“掌握应灾技能,坚定科学应灾”“追寻生命意义,认清生态规律”“强健心理素质,促进道德引导”“体悟生命脆弱,反观自我初心”等方面深探小学灾难教育的多维度正性价值,随后从学术研究、师资培训、教育机制、形式和内容等角度反映了我国目前灾难教育的现状和问题。又从安全、生命、综合三个维度的教育展开全方位的学科渗透,并通过课程主体、课程形态、课程评价三个学科要素的动态平衡和协调优化,家校社的资源融合统整来设计专题课程体系。渗透和专题相结合开展路径建构,以探索灾难教育的实施路径,以期为我国小学灾难教育课程建构提供较为系统化的思路。

As the main front of basic quality education, primary school plays an important role in cultivating disaster awareness and the ability to prevent and avoid disasters. The article explores the multi-dimensional positive value of disaster education in primary schools from the aspects of “mastering disaster response skills, firmly responding to disasters scientifically”, “seeking the meaning of life, recognizing the ecological law”, “strengthening psychological quality, promoting moral guidance”, “understanding the fragility of life, reviewing the original intention of oneself” and so on. Subsequently, the present situation and problems of disaster education were reflected from the perspectives of academic research, teachers’ training, educational mechanism, form and content. Besides, it carries out a full range of discipline penetration from three dimensions of education, namely safety, life and synthesis, and designs a thematic curriculum system through the dynamic balance and coordination optimization of three discipline elements, namely curriculum subject, curriculum form and curriculum evaluation, as well as the integration and integration of family, school and community resources. Combine penetration and special topics to construct the way, so as to explore the way to implement the disaster education, in order to offer a systematized thought for our country’s elementary school disaster education curriculum construction.