中国扶贫政策的历史变迁与未来展望——基于各时期典型扶贫政策文本的NVivo分析

Historical Changes and Future Prospects of China’s Poverty Alleviation Policy since the Reform and Opening-Up—NVivo Analysis Based on the Typical Poverty Alleviation Policy Text in Each Period

改革开放以来,中国的贫困治理取得了显著成效。对中国扶贫政策文本进行回顾与反思具有理论上的可能性与现实上的必要性。通过对改革开放以来的扶贫政策文本进行检视,探究中国扶贫政策的历史进程与发展特征,为治贫制度的定型化提供理论参考。研究发现,中国的扶贫政策经历了救济型、开发型、攻坚型、联动型四个阶段,当前正值“精准扶贫”新阶段,并呈现出治贫目标从一维到多维、治贫方式从供给到互动、治贫对象从区域到个体、治贫主体从单一到多元等特征。后扶贫时代中国贫困治理的未来展望将聚焦社会参与机制、产业发展机制、返贫风险防范机制以及贫困治理与乡村振兴的融合衔接机制。

Since the reform and opening-up, China’s poverty control has achieved remarkable results. By examining the poverty alleviation policy since the reform and opening text, the study found that China’s poverty alleviation policy experienced relief, developmental, crucial, linkage type four stages, and presents the cure poverty target from one-dimensional to multidimensional, poverty way from supply to interaction, treat poor object from regional to individual, treat poor subject from single to multiple characteristics. The future outlook of poverty governance in China in the post-poverty alleviation era will focus on the social participation mechanism, the industrial de-velopment mechanism, the risk prevention mechanism of return to poverty, and the integration mechanism of poverty governance and rural revitalization.