马克思市民社会理论的生成逻辑探析

The Generative Logic of Marx’s Theory of Civil Society

新自由主义包装下的公民社会思潮影响力式微,但仍然存在理论的模糊地带。马克思市民社会理论的生成逻辑对明晰我们对于公民社会思潮的态度有所裨益。马克思市民社会理论在形成过程中批判地汲取了从古希腊罗马的传统市民社会理论、文艺复兴和启蒙运动时期的近代市民社会理论以及以黑格尔为代表的德国古典哲学的市民社会理论的合理性成分。与唯物史观一同成长,马克思使“市民社会”理论由抽象转变为具体的“资本主义社会”,并进一步阐释了市民社会向共产主义人类社会转变的解放道路。努力建设一个全方位的人民主体社会即人民社会,是中国实践对马克思人类社会的现实表现。

The influence of civil society in neo-liberal packaging has diminished, but there are still theoreti-cal ambiguities. The logic of Marx’s theory of civil society is useful in clarifying our approach to civil society thinking. In the process of formation, Marx’s theory of civil society critically drew from the traditional civil society theory of ancient Greece and Rome, the modern civil society theory of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, and the civil society theory of classical German philosophy represented by Hegel. Growing with the materialistic view of history, Marx trans-formed the theory of civil society from an abstraction to a concrete “capitalist society” and further explained the path of emancipation from civil society to communist human society. The effort to build an all-round society of people’s subjects, i.e., a people’s society, is the realistic expression of Marx's human society in Chinese practice.