社会支持视角下家政服务员城市适应问题与对策研究——以天津市W家政公司女性外来务工家政服务员为例

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Domestic Helpers’Urban Adaptation from the Perspective of Social Support—Taking the Female Migrant Domestic Workers of Tianjin W Home Economics Company as an Example

随着中国社会的家庭小型化、人口老龄化进程加快,社会对家政服务的需求越来越旺盛。作为家政服务的主要提供者,家政服务员发挥着不可替代的作用,但在行业飞速发展的同时,也出现了诸多问题。本文以天津市W家政公司为例,分析女性外来务工家政服务员在经济、社会、心理三个方面的城市适应状况。研究发现,女性外来务工家政服务员存在收入与支出失衡、业余活动和社会交往单一、对自身的职业认同、身份认同和城市归属感较弱等问题。基于此,笔者立足社会支持视角,从政府、社会组织等给予的正式支持以及亲友、雇主、同事等人际互助网络的非正式支持方面提出对策和建议,帮助其适应城市生活,提高其幸福感、获得感和安全感。

With the acceleration of the process of family miniaturization and population aging in China, the demand for domestic service is increasingly strong. As the main provider of domestic service, domestic attendant plays an irreplaceable role, but with the rapid development of the industry, many problems have also emerged. Taking Tianjin W Housekeeping Company as an example, this paper analyzes the urban adaptation of female migrant workers’ domestic workers in three aspects of economy, society and psychology. The study found that female migrant workers and domestic helpers have problems such as income and expenditure imbalance, single amateur activities and social contacts, and weak professional identity, identity and sense of belonging to the city. Based on this, the author, from the perspective of social support, puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the formal support provided by the government and social organizations, as well as the informal support provided by family, friends, employers, colleagues and other interpersonal networks to help them adapt to urban life and improve their sense of happiness, gain and security.