中国情境下政府购买社会组织服务挑战与路径——基于S协会的个案研究

Challenges and Paths of Government Purchase of Social Organization Services in the Chinese Context—A Case Study Based on S Association

政府购买服务已经成为我国公共治理的一个重要工具。凭单制、PPP、政府购买服务等各种治理工具在当前基层中被广泛用于提供公共产品。然而,中国现阶段的治理呈现出“公共行政”和“公共治理”的双重特征,导致了传统的行政制度和合同外包之间的矛盾。同时,治理机制的调整却相对滞后,导致政府与社会组织在政府购买服务中出现了多重困境。文章探讨“政府购买”与社会组织的合作能否达到“1 + 1 > 2”的效果,基于对重庆市S协会的政府购买服务项目的宏观过程,研究发现政府与社会组织在合作中存在多重困境。在此背景下,本文分析“政府购买”过程中优化政府与社会组织合作的路径:首先,政府应承担起公共治理中“元治理”的责任,在整体治理中发挥关键作用。其次,需要培育和完善社会组织。最后,治理转型过程需要实现监管有力与治理创新均衡。

Government purchase of services has become an important tool of public governance in China. Various governance tools such as voucher system, PPP and government purchased services are widely used to provide public goods in the current grassroots level. However, the current stage of governance in China presents the dual characteristics of “public administration” and “public governance”, leading to contradictory governance between the traditional administrative system and contract outsourcing. At the same time, the adjustment of governance mechanism is relatively lagging behind, leading to multiple dilemmas between the government and social organizations in the government purchase of services. This paper explores whether the cooperation between “government purchase” and social organizations can achieve the effect of “1 + 1 > 2”. Based on the macro process of the government purchase service project of Chongqing S Association, we found that there are multiple dilemmas in the cooperation between the government and social organizations. In this context, this paper analyzes the path to optimize the cooperation between government and social organizations in the process of “government purchase”: First, the government should take the responsibility of “meta-governance” in public governance and play a key role in the overall governance. Second, social organizations need to be nurtured and improved. Finally, in the process of governance transformation, it is necessary to find a balance between regulation and governance innovation.